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加蓬位于中部非洲的大西洋海岸。赤道穿越，为赤道多雨气候,国土面积的85％为热带雨林所覆盖。它有3个截然不同的自然地理分区：沿海平原（范围在离海岸20到300公里之间），山区（利伯维尔东北方的Cristal山脉，中部的Chaillu Massif山脉，其最高处在lbounDJI山的顶峰，1575米）和东部的稀树大草原。沿海平原构成了世界野生动物基金会的大西洋赤道森林带中生态区域的一大部分，还包含了多片位于中部非洲的红树林，其相当一部分分布在与赤道几内亚交界的穆尼河河口处。加蓬（法语：République Gabonaise）是位于非洲中西部的一个国家。其西面是几内亚湾、西北是赤道几内亚、北面是喀麦隆、东面和南面由刚果共和国包围。国土面积大概是27万平方千米，估计人口有150万人。首都和最大城市是利伯维尔。加蓬的经济比其周围的国家繁荣的多，他的人均国民收入是撒哈拉以南非洲平均水平的4倍。这很大程度上要归功于他的海上石油生产。加蓬在1975年到1995年期间是石油输出国组织的正式成员。他是锰、铁和木材的出口国。加蓬最大的河流是奥果韦河，长1200公里。加蓬有3处喀斯特地貌区，几百个洞穴布满在白云石和石灰石上，如Lastoursvil le,Lebamba,Bongolo以及Kessipougou等。许多洞穴至今还没有被人探索过。一个国家地理探险队在08年夏天调查了这些岩洞并把它们记录下来。加蓬同样以对保护自然环境所作出的努力而闻名。2002年，加蓬总统奥马尔·班戈·奥迪巴指定其国土不低于11％的面积作为国家公园的一部分（总共有13个国家公园），是世界上最大的自然公园之一，使加蓬成为了未来重点生态旅游目的地之一。自然资源包括：石油、镁矿、铁矿、黄金矿、铀矿和森林资源 。人口20余万的让蒂尔，是加蓬的第一大港口和重要矿业城市。让蒂尔原称伊益泽，后被葡萄牙航海家洛波·贡萨尔夫发现，便易名为贡萨尔夫。1873年被法国占领。1900年左右，许多欧洲人和周围地区的非洲人来到这里，逐渐形成了一座城市，并以前法属赤道非洲总督让蒂尔的名字命名这个海港。1956年法属赤道非洲石油公司在让蒂尔地区发现两处油田：60年代在这里又发现了一系列海上油田。70年代，石油产量猛增，使加蓬进入非洲著名的产油国行列，让蒂尔亦逐渐成为加蓬的“经济中心”。加蓬最主要的经济活动，石油的开发和提炼，木材的加工和出口，均集中在这里。加蓬90%的石油从这里出口。世界第二胶合板厂——加蓬林业公司胶合板厂也建在让蒂尔，该厂产品一半以上远销欧洲及美国、加拿大、日本等国。我是一名中石化员工，2008年9月，因我所在的中方公司与加蓬石油公司有合作项目，我才有机会来到非洲加蓬国，在让蒂尔周边地区进行了，为期五个多月的石油地震勘探工作。回国前在让蒂尔市区休整期间（就两天），逮到机会就和同事一起去了海边，感受了一下异国风情的海滨浴场，可惜时间紧没能下海游一场。 美女图片在44楼 让蒂尔港（Port-Gentil）是加蓬的第二大城市和主要海港，也是该国的石油和木材工业中心，1993年估计人口80,000。让蒂尔港位于奥果韦河河口的一个近岸岛屿（Mandji），但该岛附近大陆都是森林地区，没有桥梁连接两地。该城由法国人在19世纪建立，以殖民地长官埃米尔·让蒂尔的名字命名。 浴场的这个区域很安静，设施比较高档，一眼就能看出是属于白人区。。。 一个人安静地躺在那儿，晒着日光浴。。。。。 蓝天与白云，海水与沙滩，令人心旷神怡的地方。。。。 浴场很大，还设有吧台、餐饮区、休闲区；晚上还有演唱舞台，供游人自娱自乐，黑人的舞技乐感很棒，可以想象那情景很嗨的。。。 ([]
最新章节： 第521章 存钱存了一半睡着 （ 2024-05-28 16:57:11）
更新时间： 2024-05-28 16:58:03
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张嘉湖MM吵着要去雨崩，还查好了便宜的机票，整天在我耳边游说。说得天花烂醉。哥还能说什么呢？哥就出过两次省，两次都是去云南，这次又是云南，哥有点崩溃了！而且下次有可能还是云南！情何以堪？ 大致安排了下行程，晚上开始收拾行李。附上具体行程和时间：3.21 成都-昆明-大理古城。 3.22 大理古城。 3.23 大理古城骑行-洱海双廊（西线）。 3.24双廊骑行-大理古城（东线）-丽江。 3.25丽江休整，准备第2天的雨崩6日行。 3.26丽江-飞来寺（领队扎史次里）。 3.27飞来寺（日照金山)-西当-雨崩上村（徒步）。 3.28雨崩-大本营-雨崩（徒步）。 3.29雨崩-西当-飞来寺。 3.30 飞来寺-香格里拉。 3.31香格里拉-虎跳峡-丽江。 4.1 丽江-成都。 打包行李。 晚上打包好行李。 据说雨崩只能徒步进去，哥没有徒步过啊，有点小激动。睡不着觉，第2天凌晨5点就要起来去机场，便宜机票伤不起。 3月21号凌晨5点（不好意思，3月份去玩的现在才发帖） 就起来去机场坐7点的飞机，在电梯里吃了碗泡面。成都飞昆明。见一下在昆明的老朋友，顺便在昆明逛一下。然后去大理。原计划在昆明呆一晚，后来发现没什么意义。于是决定直接赶去大理。到大理的时候天已经黑了。 在大理古城住的春夏秋冬青旅。听前台小妹说这几天骑行侠也住这里，不知道能不能碰见。 骑行侠的车。第2天只见其车，未见其人。多么熟悉的车牌：武功再高也怕菜刀今天生病了，刚输了液回来，要早点休息了。先放两张梅里雪山照片。争取明天更新。不好意思了，各位！晚上在青旅约了几个朋友第2天一起骑车环洱海。无赖第2天睡懒觉了。我们落单了，只好自己去。青旅旁边有很多租车的，先去租车。3.23 开始骑行环洱海。今天只需骑到双廊，在双廊玩一天。对于经常骑车的我们来说，几乎没有难度的。骑行的感觉很好。 洱海西线要骑很久才到海边。西线几乎不环海。 路况不错。天气变化比较快。 我居然租到了 挑战者。不错啊 ，呵呵。60一天。 终于在路上请人拍了张合影。 双廊靠海的房价高的离谱，尤其是岛上某名人开的酒店，动辄上千。当我们最终确定忍痛花几百元住个靠海的房 时，居然所有客栈都满房了。最后住了个60的不靠海的房间，条件居然还不错。 双廊。这个被炒作起来的地方或许注定只是昙花一现吧！杂字 原来藏在这里啊，呵呵！MM还买过几本杂字的哦。。 双廊洱海边。 回复 灯泡100瓦 的帖子双廊以前就是洱海边的一个小渔村啊。现在被很多名人炒起来了。几乎要发展为一个景点了，靠海的一边现在新建了很多客栈，酒吧等等，正在向着商业化一步步迈进。。。以前是很多隐士，艺术家栖息之地，现在估计真正的艺术家要逃离了。。。 3.24由于昨天西线骑行很顺利，今天的东线我们大意了。 在双廊睡到自然醒才出发。后面的骑行让我们有点崩溃，差点没赶上下午去丽江的车。 天气也很给力。有蓝天，阳光，海水。 骑行的时候一直想着骑行侠，这小子把车丢在青旅，就是真人不现身啊。由于订了26号的雨崩行，所以下午准备直接去丽江。没见到那小子，遗憾呢。东线实际上骑了差不多6个小时，早饭都没吃就出来了。肠子都悔青了。已经在青旅订了下午去丽江的大巴车。只能拼命骑啊骑。。（后面两小时真有些崩溃了） 差不多骑到下午两点过，终于看到了古城，拼命骑回青旅。 看见门口有个大叔在车子旁打包行李。仔细一看，那不是骑行侠的车吗？人没认到车子不会错撒。 再仔细一看，咦！果然是那小子，长了胡子哥差点认不出来了。这下总跑不脱了撒， 遂合影之。。。。来得早不如来的巧啊。哈哈哈哈 。。。 去年开始在网上就偶尔有关注骑行侠的帖子和微博，还看过他的书，没想到网络和现实其实也挺近的，最终还是在这里遇到了这小子。 感觉好像他就在故意等我们一样，呵呵！他正准备出发继续他的环华梦想。骑行丙察察线，已经基本打包好，我们再晚到5分钟他就见不到他了，呵呵。看看他的装备，太阳能，炒锅。睡袋，帐篷。伤不起啊。。（后来微博上得知他当晚露营双廊，还和张小研台一起喝酒？MYGOD,早知道我在双廊等你呗，哈哈） 到青旅 半小时后去丽江的大巴车就到了，似乎一切都很完美。。快到丽江的时候天已经黑了，车上拍的夕阳下的日落。然后一觉睡到丽江。丽江，我又来了！不过，这次。你注定只是个配角！回复 yx1976 的帖子呵呵。各有所长吧。大理更纯粹。丽江“看似”更完美。。。到丽江天已经完全黑了，老板开车到车站把我们接到客栈。 3.25 继续在丽江闲逛。 3.25号晚上和领队次里联系好。我们队伍本来有7人，后来有三人推后了一天出发。不过还是在雨崩和我们相遇。 约好26号早上次里的舅舅把我们送到香格里拉和次里汇合，然后接下来6天都由次里全程带我们。26号一大早，在大水车与我们另外两个队友汇合，来自贵州的老土（左一），和东北大哥迟大哥（右一）中间是藏族小伙扎史次里。 第一天的行程很痛苦，坐车就得12个小时。几乎是坐一天车。晚上要赶到飞来寺。到香格里拉后，感觉温度低了好多，冷的不行，临时买了条抓绒裤。([]
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陈怡婷Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
九尾狐狸喷水六分钟黑人肉体狂欢
陈立绮自从08年春节后，对着一张环安纳普尔纳地图，琢磨了一年的计划，终于实践。纯FB游记。致力于省钱省时间的，希望证明自己意志与体能的，就不要继续看了，hoho。时间计划是：7天北京到樟木——如果碰到传说的聂拉木大雪，延长2天。26天环安大环＋9天ABC。5天加都樟木拉萨回北京。理论上，1个半月时间足够了，包含了聂拉木／佗龙垭口附近足够的机动时间。我和郭彦，诺诺在拼命加班三个月后，携LG沈健加入。又买了一些装备，食品——这次坚决不能在路上天天吃炒饭炒面——苦等5天火车票，出发！实际行程是：26日大年初一晚上上火车，2月1日进入尼泊尔到加都。2月3日开始徒步行程。2月13日到达冰错。2月16日穿越佗龙垭口。2月18日到达Tatopani。2月19日诺诺和沈健回博卡拉，继续加都，继续飞回北京。我们开始ABC。2月24日到ABC。2月28日回到加都。3月3日飞机回北京建议用Safari或者Firefox看图，激活色彩管理。图都是Adobe RGB 1998的Profile。费用统计：西藏2421（食宿/公用物资）＋1660（火车票）＝4081元樟木兑换，11.66Rs 100000＝8576元加都兑换，11.5Rs 23000＝2000元加都兑换，11.75Rs 80000＝6808元加都兑换，11.75Rs 5875＝500元机票$459＝3136x2＝6272元加都酒店＝205分手前欠款，11.66Rs 6322.5＝542元（回北京还沈健人民币）以上共计28984元（其中不包括北京购买的公用物资，如食品等）其中：Rs 71800/11.75＝6110元购买装备Rs 10000/11.75＝850元购买书籍实际通用开销为22024元。每人11012元。从樟木到加都到大环线到ABC到回加都，每人花5835.5元。 Day -6/7：火车到拉萨好不容易整出4张北京到拉萨的火车票，卧铺/上下各2张，大包小包滴奔向了自由——自从确认出发日期后，在北京天天呆着觉得超级不踏实。梦想了快一年的尼泊尔大环线，终于开拔了。火车上，东吃西吃，聊天打牌，好在4个人，方便消磨时光。第2天刚过西宁，沈健高反了！我们觉得是吃多了豆子（我们带了一大罐子许多种、乱七八糟叫不上名字的豆子），沈健跟我抢着吃，结果，吃多了。但他一天就好了，号称是每次都是这样。第2天晚上8点到了拉萨，老朋友藏族司机平错来接站，不过没开他的车，而是请了新朋友巴桑。平错说，去年生意太差了，他干脆就没开车，去云南玩去了。巴桑说，就开了3次珠峰1次阿里，惨淡啊！好在每个司机政府给补偿了4000元。与巴桑谈好价格和路线，商量好，根据大家状态，明天再决定最后的出发时间。找酒店可累了，沈健无比钟情的东措给了他一盆冷水，原来电话上说不用预定，现在则一个合适的房间都没有了。巴桑带我们开车到平错青年，我特别不愿意住这里，印像太差，幸好，满员了！接着就转到斜对面，一家叫吉曲的，一看，房间大，装饰好，有空调，有热水，独立卫生间，按照沈健的口头语：体面！房价160块，住！不知为什么，我和郭彦的房间超大，大的坏处就是，冷，同时空调还不灵光。晚饭没什么地方去，东措不开门，陌生人干脆就over了，于是岗拉梅朵。坐在餐厅后面的位子，从厨房门帘后面串出来小风，够冷。 大环路上洗澡不方便，大家都秃了吧！！！！郭彦起初不乐意，打听到假发狠便宜后，立刻去买了两个，一个长发，一个短发。然后回家就剃度了。到目前，假发，就带了两次，因为捂脑袋上太热。而经过大环后，郭彦超喜欢短发了，因为头皮永远是那么清爽。偷偷打情骂俏护肤！！！！！进口的啤酒啊！这个酒鬼！！！！！！！！！早饭。“师傅，能多给碗粥吗？”“可以！”惨啊！4个人买两碗，再讨要两碗，平均一人一碗！但是有许多橙子，补充足够的维生素。没带够，没一天，就吃光了。北京西站，杨子荣的姿势准火车食品这是什么意思啊！！！！！！大白天的！！！！！！！还有那么多乘客呢！！！！！！！！一只带角的灰毛Yak，一只不带角的黑毛Yak。车到西宁，停车，换车头。天气不冷，但据说刚下了场大雪。西宁车站，停了30多分钟。到餐车点蔬菜。填写铁道部免责声明。晚饭，方便面＋著名的牛街聚宝源的牛腱子！口水啊！想念北京！沈健开始高反了，哈哈！躺了！凌晨4点到达格尔木。又停车，换了3个连一起的车头。据说从西宁开始，就是柴油机头了。还来了一队大粪车（7、8辆），从列车上将已经存积了一天多的粪便都收走。我被劣质口哨上的温度计骗了，它显示-3度，其实估计要-10度左右。我耍了30多分钟，导致身体防御机能下降。 小毛毛已经开始长出来辣！半夜惊魂！！！！！！！！这样两个家伙，在樟木口岸被祖国的女边检人员审查长达5分钟的出境手续。“从哪里来？”“拉萨。”“什么民族？”“汉族。”最后边检人员冒出这么一句：“最近是流行这样的发型吗？”天亮了，看到雪了沈健好了！青藏公路上都是飞雪和薄冰。海拔高了。火车车厢连接处有海拔显示，开始我们还对这它校对我们的手表。后来发现，两节车厢相邻3米的海拔表竟然数据相差50米！校对？还是算了吧！馒头＋肉松！！！晒晒脚丫子车厢连接处门上的玻璃冰封的错那湖＋错那河这些人，不玩桥牌，不玩拖拉机，只好睡觉，无聊啊！以为这个是纳木错对面的念青唐古拉，拿起相机猛拍，雪壁狠漂亮！为什么一拍照，就要龇牙咧嘴的呢？青藏线沿途的电线杆子狠厉害，这些东西是啥材料整的？绕到雪壁后面，感觉不是念青唐古拉。这个才是，7111米的念青唐古拉主峰。Day -5：拉萨生病半夜狠不舒服，冻死了。早晨去吃早点，平错对面的永和关门了，又转到南边街上找个铺子吃了油条豆浆，回酒店我就不行了，浑身发冷。诺诺说我们房间太大了，又晒不到太阳，不行！需要立刻换房间。于是，我先住诺诺他们那里，他们的房间能更早一点晒到太阳，空调也管用。钻进睡袋，开水壶捂脚，晒太阳，吃了药，才觉得暖和过来。给巴桑电话说，明天不能出发，后天走。我觉得从老定日开始，一堆事情，别累病了耽误大环，还是在拉萨多稳定一天再说。下午觉得好多了，到花园中晒太阳，喝甜茶。晚饭又去了岗拉梅朵，这次狠不满意，4个菜，第一个与最后一个上菜的时间相差1小时零20分钟，催菜我们就催了8遍，最后服务员还还嘴说他们忙，他们狠辛苦。哎，生意好了就这样了，没办法，决定以后不来了。入夜，体温上升，一度达到38.2，肯定是下午和晚上乱窜折腾的，于是下了一片退烧药，祈祷着，天啊，千万别出问啊！宾馆的院落非常漂亮，晒太阳很合适，超级安静。与其他朋友再次会合，给我们拍了集体照，很像地主＋姨太秃头合影诺诺第一次来拉萨，与沈健出去转，发现这样一只猫我借了酒店一个暖壶。这个东西不知道拉萨的人怎么称呼，我比划了半天，她们才知道我要暖壶。我后面这个人，想要干什么？G9上树。山寨章鱼，挺好用晒晒头皮，消除包包这个花园的问就是，临到下午晚些时候，要随着阳光的变化而整体移动桌子和椅子，以便得到最合理的日照从酒店房间的窗户望出去Day -4：拉萨养病凌晨，体温表到了37.2度。今天，啥也不敢干了，起来后，发现体温降到36.8，吃了郭彦买回来的粥，继续在房间内晒太阳。保持了一上午，体温降到36.2。幸亏郭彦带了一只拿手机话费积分换的速测的体温表，不然真瞎米了。中午喝粥，下午房间内晒太阳。但是还是想溜达一下，于是，沿街专门找有太阳晒到的地方走，去光明甜茶馆买壶甜茶，300米的路，为了晒到太阳，我过了4次马路。晚上，不出去吃了，各个饭馆都太冷。于是出主意，让沈健到对面川菜大排挡点些菜回来，郭彦再去买点粥，回来在房间中吃，哈哈，其饭菜效果竟然大家都超级满意，还超级省钱。体温36.5以下，踏实了，明天可以安全出发。Day -3_01：美丽的羊湖与危机中的冰川早晨6点半起床，7点巴桑准时来酒店滴敲我们的房门，随后大家上了车。拉萨还黑蒙蒙的，街上仅仅点着路灯。巴桑给我们带到了24小时营业的玉包子，20分钟早饭，接着就杀向羊湖。没走多远，就碰到了车祸，一辆比我们出发更早的4500，巴桑坚定滴认为那是一辆拉着客人的旅游车，撞死了一个行人。4500横在路边，行人横尸路中央。“奇怪了，大早上的，这个人怎么走到路中间去了。”心中庆幸并坚定着不走夜路的原则。沿拉萨河西南方向行进，贡嘎机场在我们远远滴南侧。过曲水后，过桥走到南岸，就开始了爬升。没多久，沿盘山路就上到了羊湖，4400了。太阳刚出来不久，羊湖还不是那种绿绿的颜色。气温还可以，但是风狠硬。车继续向前下山，转到湖边，我一指湖边的小路：“我们能下去吗？”巴桑毫不犹豫滴开了下去，太好了，我喜欢巴桑了！羊湖西面远处是白雪覆盖的海拔7191米的宁金岗桑峰，静静滴耸立在湖面上方。它也是拉轨岗日山脉主峰，在它后面就是卡若拉冰川。看地图，其实我们日常看到的羊湖，仅仅是它一条东北到西南向的狭长的局部，湖面最多是羊湖全部的1/10吧。湖边的冰狠有趣，竟然是一片一片的薄片叠加在一起的。而最漂亮的是湖边的泥地与湖面上，有许多晨起寻食的各种鸟，雁、鸭子、乱七八糟的7、8种。如同内蒙的一样，鸟非常警惕，我一身黑衣服滴慢慢溜达过去，鸟就慢慢滴顺着波浪离岸边越来越远。如果我冲刺过去，干脆，就飞了！接着杀向冰川，考！太可怕了！比前年我来的时候，少了一大块！巴桑说，今年真的好小啊！日喀则，藏餐厅都关门过年了，只能继续玉包子。沈健点多了菜，太多了，太体面了。结果是菜打包，打算晚上在老定日吃。问来了，没有气罐——我们买了八宝粥作为早餐，还有备用的酸辣粉。想到在老定日让店家给我们热食物和水，也许狠麻烦，就到对面的探路者户外店买气罐。最普通的罐子，开价35，但号称是高山罐。我和沈健连咋呼带还价，40块买了两个。每个比内地贵了5块，感觉超值了！赶快跑，别等服务员明白过来再追出来。羊湖。。。。。 今天起得有点早啊！路过的藏民上香祈福下到了湖边 偷偷前进，还是被湖边的鸟发现了。始终保持着与我等距，我靠近湖，它们就远离岸。湖边的冰狠奇怪啊琢磨半天，原来这两块牌子仅仅是音译的不同松枝烧起来当作香。但我闻这个味道，实在是受不了。消退的冰川白塔上.......Day -3_02：与日本驴友讲英文，差点高反！路上只碰到一辆4500，应该就是与豆子与胖子的车，她们比我们晚出发1个多小时，但我们太磨蹭，后来被超。没走多久就进入风沙区，从没有见过藏区这么大尘土。许多田地都刚刚翻了土，阵风过来，扬起几十米。半路休息买矿泉水，小店只有小瓶的，还骗我，说都过年去了，别的店不开门。我不甘心——小瓶太贵了——拐弯走了30米就是另外一个店，大瓶才卖小瓶的钱，心中暗骂前面那个女店主，黑心死你吧！很快就到了新定日，我们直接穿镇而过，10分钟后就到了边防检查站，豆子与胖子的4500已经早就到了。大家纷纷下车进入房间出示证件的时候，2男1女，从前面的4500过来，用异样的英语问我们，谁会说英语。沈健狠可恶，诺诺明明在他身边站着，他连眼睛都没眨一下，抬手就指我：“他！”结果，我不得不以中国人无私的精神来care一下这3个貌似日本籍的驴友。一个男的说，是否司机愿意给他们送到扎西宗。我问了后，回答，从老定日再往返，太远了，司机去不了，我们走的是樟木方向，不去扎西宗。“我们就是去樟木！”一个男孩说。“你们不是去珠峰吗？扎西宗和樟木不是一个方向。”“那我们就不去珠峰了，我们去樟木。”“你们去樟木干什么？”“我们.......”“你最好往回走，等明天，搭车去扎西宗。”“我们可以去樟木。”“那你们不去珠峰了？”“我们没有permission，去不了珠峰，我们过不了这个检查站。所以我们要去樟木。”考！“你们没有permission，过不了这个检查站，你们一样去不了樟木啊。”太阳离地平线只有30分钟的路程了，我已经受不了那个风了，回车里带上抓绒帽子。找来纸笔，给他们画了个地图，问他们，到底是去樟木还是珠峰。边检站的小战士也过来了，围一起看热闹。“他们没有汽车，怎么到的这里啊？”我赶快问小战士，琢磨着这几个怪胎是怎么冒出来的。“他们搭农民的车来的。现在想走着走。”“那他们只有护照，能去珠峰不？”小战士打了个电话回来说，可以的。“你们可以去珠峰，但是现在没有车，你往回走10KM，到定日住，明早买了珠峰门票后，再找车再走吧。”“我们有门票，有门票！”靠，我实在是郁闷了！“我们还是要去珠峰。那我们可以走过去吗？”“从这里去扎西宗40分钟汽车，你们要走8个小时才行。现在下午5点了，你们会冻死在半路的。”我一边说一边低头看，考，这3个一身休闲装，两个人背个30L的包，还瘪了吧唧的，另一个女生，拖个拉杆箱。“那我们去樟木。”“你去珠峰啊，去樟木干什么？？？？？？？？？”“那我们可以走着去扎西宗。”“太远了，你走不到啊，你会冻死的！”“你们坚决今天不能放这3个人过去，搭车也不行，他们太不靠谱了，如果冻死了，你们责任就大了！”我扭头对小战士们说。“对，一定今天不放他们过去！”3个小战士觉得我说得超级有道理。“你们搭车，或者走回去，走路只要1个小时。住！明天早上可以找到车的！”“我们回去只要走一个小时就能住？”“对！”“好，那我们走回去。”OK，至此，我觉得，有点头疼了！上车，沈健还埋怨我：“你真能侃啊！要日落了，我们抓紧去看日落！”“废话，这些人不是你发配给我的啊！累死我了，怎么都说不明白！”([]
磨豆腐百合姿势图解
张士铭去年下半年，开始考虑今年的行程，打算到东南亚去看看。 境外游的前辈们，向我介绍了穷游网，在众多的游记中反复比较之后，发现对我这种菜鸟级的人来说，最适合的是泰国。一是它的旅游业整体成熟；二是泰国人信佛，治安良好，人也友善；三是费用相对低廉。 既然确定了目，那首先解决的就是交通了，这个时候，亚洲航空又走到我的面前，作为亚洲第一家廉价航空公司，虽然它的价格日益高涨，但相对国内的价格，那还真是没有可比性啊。 亚航上海没有直飞曼谷的航线，从哪里转呢？是国内的西安、武汉还是香港、澳门，或者菲律宾？最终让我下定决心是一则新闻，亚航将于13年2月开通上海往返吉隆坡的航线，而首航最低的票价为860人民币往返含税，还需要犹豫吗？ 没抢过亚航机票的人，可能不知道抢票的痛苦，凌晨的时候，苦苦守在电脑边上，反复的刷新，好在，这一切均由别人代劳，我要做的只是陪在电脑跟前，过程自然没有那么顺利，最终结果是三个月的时间内，购买了三次机票，四飞的价格是人民币1602，虽然每个航段都不是最低，但完全符合我的心理价格。 大交通结束后是小交通，对于一个语言不通的人来说，事先了解是必须做的功课，这时前辈们又把LP（孤独星球）适时的推到我的面前。。。。。 “亚航昨晚不讲信用，不到十二点就偷偷放票，八百多的票刚过十二点就木有了，今晚只能帮朋友买了一千二吉隆坡来回的。朋友本地大妈，以前西部经常一个人晃悠，但木有过出境背包游，英文白痴，很纯的那种，这次打算用足全部证周期，独行马泰一个多月，这胆量和酒量一样，也真不是三天两头就能练出来的啊” 这是替我买票的前辈写的微博，看到时的心慌到现在还记忆犹新，就这样，一点点的收集，慢慢的准备，直到开始我的旅程。 时间：5月12日--6月21日 计40天 费用：合人民币约7918元 凌晨的航班，提早一天从苏州坐火车到虹桥，再转地铁去浦东，这是到浦东机场最经济的走法。 顺着指示牌一直往里走着，怎么还是看不到，问了工作人员，一指，原来前面排最长队的就是，看来低价位还是很吸引人，并不象传说中的，柜台只提前二小时办理登机，太好了，坐在里面等总比在外面站着强。 拿着打出的登机牌，才发现，原来在天朝这种是不被认可的，重新办理，再去边检排队，早知道背包不称重，我该多带点东西啊（我没购买行李票，背包重量不得超过七公斤）。 好困，实在无聊，看了一集电视剧后想起玩下翻译软件，结果，当头一棒，下载的三个软件，无一可以离线使用，当初我是怎么试谷歌翻译的离线包来着？不是可以的吗？难道是我只关了WIFI，没关移动网络？ 反复尝试，后果相同，那一刻真是闪出过放弃的念头，这时离登机还有一小时，看着行李，看着机票，想着种种的准备，也许我还是可以试一下。 这是排着长队等着办理登机的乘客。 亚航空姐ZHI服是大红的颜色，贴身剪裁，十分火辣，但机舱内空调却十足，我拿出准备好的厚围巾，把自己围上，睡着对我来说，是不太可能的事，最多闭目养神，偶尔看看窗外，第一次坐红眼，期待着能在空中看到日出。 这应该已经是大马的境内了，城市里的闪闪灯光，这么高高的看下去，有些象一个缀满珠串的饰品。 随着时间推进，我发现，这个国家虽然与我们没有时差，但看到日出已经没有可能，6点钟，天根本没亮啊。 在空中看到的马来西亚。 下了飞机就是办理过境了，按攻略找到地方，拿到表格，对照打好的中文填写，第一次，难免有错，想去换一张新的时候，发现人家根本不理我呀，，央了旁人用英语去解释，人家只回说，划掉重填即可，马来人都那么凶吗？担心又加重一点，好在填好之后再出示离境机票，盖章顺利，并没有留下指纹啥，我就进入了这个国家。 拍这张照片的时候，我已经顺利入境了。 计划是从机场直接去马六甲，可长途汽车站在哪里呢？我拿着便本，上面写着马六甲的英文，去给一个工作人员看，他给我指了一个大致的方向，无奈机场有点大，一会我就有点转向，看到身后一个人好像是同一班机的，再去问他，原来这是一个马来人，既不会中文，英文MS也不懂，他和太太陪着我一直走到汽车站台，接着找了一个华侨做翻译，告诉我在这里坐车。 刚才对马来人的印象一下就有了一个一百八十度的转变，听到中文，又觉得亲切了很多。 原来这里并不售票，这位华侨又问了边上的工作人员，画了草图告诉我售票窗口该怎么走，几次来回，就到了发车的时间。 这张是走过长途车站拍的，第一眼的吉隆坡。 到马六甲的时候，这里刚下过雨，湿热的天气让我有点不适应，我要去坐17路公车，依然找不到车站在哪儿，问过工作人员，她同样跟一个马来人说了什么，然后示意我跟着那人一起走，这个显然也是不通中文和英语，要转弯的时候，就跟我比划一下，直到送我到车站后才发现，其实他跟我并不是坐同一班车，看来马来人民很热心啊。 坐在那里等车，一会边上就多了些同样等车的人，左边二个操着日语，右边一个小男生手上拿着一叠A4纸，我一看就是中国游客，果然。 我自己的包里也是同样一叠啊，比这还厚呢。 原来这是一个来自北京的应届毕业生，趁没报到的时间出来玩一圈，旅馆什么都已经定好，手上拿着的那些都是订单的打印件。 车来了，驶向市区，看上去，这个城市很安静，应该是到了芒果成熟的季节，还看到不少芒果挂在枝头。 到了红屋，道声别，我去到河对面的唐人街寻找住处，唐人街的旅馆都好贵，背着包，往深里走，中途遇到一位华人的老太太，跟我说，包（我还提了一个摄影包）不能提在手上，要背在身上，不要走在马路中间，小心有人抢，这可是大中午啊。知道我在找住处，又告诉我怎么走，哪里有间华人开的旅馆，便宜又干净，真是太好了。 这是找到住处后去吃中饭，一个小的巷子，只有本地人，香港云吞面，那云吞是鲜虾做的馅，真挺好吃的。 这个季节中午的时间并不适合出行，我赞过云吞面就回住处午睡去了，午睡是我的生活习惯之一，就算是出行，一般也不会改变。 下午三点半，再出来晃悠，红屋的游客实在太多，边上停满旅游的大巴，我还是躲着点吧。先是去看了建筑博物馆，里面有不同时期，不同种族的建筑模型，除了最开始的视频有中文的字幕，别的说明均为英文，很快，就走了出来。 再到了商船博物馆，这是荷兰典型的商船，甲板面积小，肚子大，当时海上贸易，各个国家对商船收税是按照甲板面积来收的，荷兰很聪明，发明了这种甲板面积小，肚子大的船，可以多装货物，少交税。这就是为什么荷兰可以称为海上马车夫的一个原因。 照片为这荷兰商船。 从栈道往回，是一个小小的城堡，走上台阶，就看到这些大炮，朝着不同的方向，告诉我这里曾经多么重要。 再慢慢走回唐人街，它的名字叫鸡场街，志就是立在街口的郑和宝船。 鸡场街位于马六甲城市广场前的马六甲桥的另一边，至今已经有300年历史。据记载：早在十五世纪初，福建的商人就来到马六甲经商。到了十六世纪，即中国明代中晚期，鸡场街一带，已形成相当大的华人村落。如今的鸡场街几乎全貌地体现出一百乃至数百年前，中国人生活的全部要素。 在我看来，它有很多保留完好的老东西，象是在看民国剧，比如这个印务局。 再比如这个邝洋服，当我拍完的时候，老板走出门来，拉上关好，骑上停在门口的自行车，回家了。 这是条商业街，而现在只有五点半。 这是鸡场街文化坊的创始人，曾经的世界先生颜文龙先生的半身铜像，这个地点是在世遗公园， 2008年7月，马六甲被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。而颜老先生仍然健在，去年度过了他八十岁的生日。 夕阳西下，不到六点，鸡场街的大部分店铺都已经关闭。 桥那边的红屋却依然热闹。 顺着河边随意的走着，夕阳真好。 走下河沿，拍几张照片，发现另一边还有一个走下来的人，他在画画，相视笑了一下，各自忙碌， 返回，路过，打了声招呼，知道他来自于法国，在马六甲四天了，明天便要离开，我的英文水平实在无法做再多的交流，我让他看了我相机里拍的照片，他让我看了他的画本。其实我会觉得，他比我更能体会到这里的美，这是我欣赏的旅行态度。 天色渐暗，想到治安，只能离开，边上停的那辆自行车，应该是他的交通工具吧，很遗憾不能看到他上好颜色。那个法国帅哥所绘的内容。 第二天一早的任务，是去山顶看日出。出门的时候，天还黑着，虽然提前一天问好了路，但那人的汉语不太流利，总觉得有些问。 走到鸡场街，看到前面有一位华人老伯伯，就上前去问了他，老伯伯79岁，每天早起晨练，从不耽搁，听说我要上升旗山顶，便带我一同走，但不同意我一个人上山。他说山顶上的角落经常会有些吸毒的人，一个女孩子上去不太安全，让我跟他一起在山脚的停车场那里做健身操。 做操，真是几十年没干过的事了，为了老伯伯的好心，我只能耐着性子跟着他们，眼睛却一直四处张望。 天渐渐亮了起来，老伯伯看我早就没了心思，告诉我怎么上山，吩附我多加小心。 好漂亮的云霞，我激动的拿出相机。 天呐，一晚上的空调，又是一晚上的雨，二个相机的镜头上全是水汽，真是欲哭无泪，好在，我想起我还有手机，手机按了几张之后，相机慢慢褪去水雾，才有了这么一张。 升旗山上的圣保罗教堂 朝霞笼罩中的马六甲 远远的，那就是马六甲海峡。 注：马六甲海峡是连接印度洋和太平洋的水道，西岸是印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛，东岸是西马来西亚和泰国南部，面积为65000平方公里(25000平方浬)。海峡长度为800公里(500浬)，状似漏斗，其南口宽只有65公里(40浬)，向北渐宽，到印尼的沙璜和泰国的克拉地峡之间的北口已宽达249公里(155浬)。马六甲海峡因在马来亚海岸上的贸易港口，马六甲(Melaka,原称Malacca)而得名，该城在16和17世纪时是重要的港埠，是连接沟通太平洋与印度洋的国际水道，也是亚洲与大洋州的十字路口。 海峡现由新加坡、马来西亚和印度尼西亚3国共管。 圣保罗教堂。二边两侧均为墓碑。 马六甲15世纪末是葡萄牙殖民地，这个教堂建于那个时期，1521 年时，一位葡萄牙将军 DUARTE COELHO 在此兴建一座小教堂，他希望它会是这座城市中最先进的天主教堂。后来与荷兰利益冲突，毁于炮火，当荷兰人接管马六甲后，它被改称为圣保罗教堂。 1753 年 CHRIST 教堂建造完毕，圣保罗教堂就被弃而不用。后来，荷兰人将它改为埋葬有名望的人之墓园。英国人接管后，因为教派不同，不愿意重建，因而教堂为现在这个样子。 圣方济雕像。 方济各·沙勿略（St. Francois Xavier），是最早来东方传教的耶稣会士。沙勿略1506年4月7日出生在西班牙纳瓦拉省的哈维尔城堡，死于1552年。他是耶稣会创始人之一，首先将天主教传播到亚洲的马六甲和日本。天主教会称之为“历史上最伟大的传教士”；圣方济萨威于1622年被封圣，而1927年，他与圣女小德兰一起被列为外国传教士的主保。 圣地利亚哥古城门，这是葡萄牙人殖民统治时期修建的。石头垒起的城门两侧，各有一门铜炮。据说当年葡萄牙人在马六甲修筑了许多城堡和城门，这些城堡和城门都建得大气磅礡，极具防御和观赏价值。遗憾的是，后来荷兰人统治马来西亚时，为了显示自己的声威，大肆拆毁城堡和城门。直到英国殖民者统治马来西亚时，才阻止住荷兰人的破坏。可惜为时已晚，全马六甲仅剩这一座城门。 马六甲重要的地理位置决定它一直是各方势力争夺之地，各种炮台也时时提醒了这一点。 但撇开这一切，当我看到蓝天白云，看到绿树成荫，，看到人们在慢跑，我觉得这里只是一座宁静安详的小城，我喜欢这样的小城。 走回住处，这是途中的一个祠堂，其实我不太明白，一个华人的祠堂怎么会建得如此西式的样子，但大门紧锁，没有答案。永春会馆，相信大家都知道叶问吧。 回去的时候，发现旅馆对面有个小菜场，以我的经验，小菜场里肯定有好吃的东西，果然如此。没想到这里的华人如此喜欢喝咖啡，就算是在菜场里的小食摊上也会供应。 再次出门的时候，又去了永春会馆，这里正在重新装修，工人们进进出出的搬运着材料。 这里是前厅。 各界馆长，碑上是重修的纪年以及会馆的历史。 其实这块区域很多会馆，门面都很中国，但内里有些已经破落，福建会馆的前厅，白天的时候，看到都是按摩的师傅。这家其实是在售卖老式家具，走进去是因为它的建筑结构，这是马六甲典型的传统住宅。 这张照片可以大致看出它的格局。 之后，我去参观了峇峇娘惹博物馆。 开始知道娘惹，完全是因为《小娘惹》这部电视剧，当年回厦门，好像所有的台都在播放，跟着看了几集，直到完全入戏。 博物馆门票12马币（相当于24人民币）是我在大马买的最贵的门票了，博物馆早上十点才开，就算是开放的时间也大门紧闭，只有按门铃，门才会由里面打开。 这里是《小娘惹》里月娘家的拍摄地，是当地一位有名的峇峇家族的祖屋，第一代主人是卖香料起家，现在的主人已经是第四代，目前全家住在吉隆坡，把祖屋拿出来办了这个私人博物馆。 这其实是他们家的天井，在我拍了一张之后，被告之不可以拍照，只能收了相机，四处转转。 虽然他们有工作人员会说中文，但只提供英文的服务，无奈，只能看个表面了，简单的说，看了这里就会明白，什么叫做大户之家，什么叫做品味，我是建议如果有机会有人去到马六甲，一定也要过去感受一下。 注：据史载，中国明朝有一个叫韩柳的公主当年跟随郑和下南洋时，与马六甲的一个苏丹联姻，护送她来到马六甲的有五百名卫士。这五百名卫士后来便在马六甲的一个小山上住下并挖了一口井，于是这座小山叫做“三保山”，这口井叫做“三保井”。后来人们还加了罩盖保护这口井，并在井旁和山下都立有说明和志，供游人参观。 这些定居在马六甲的早期华人与当地妇女——马来妇女或暹罗妇女等通婚所生的后代，使被称为“峇峇”；而嫁给华人后脱离当地习俗而遵守丈夫华人习俗的这些妇女，便被称为“娘惹”。“峇峇娘惹”的家庭及其亲戚们基本上是封闭相处的，他们代代相传，形成了一个“峇峇娘惹”社会。在长期的生活中，为了既适应华人社会的习俗，又适应马来社会的习俗，在文化的碰撞与认同中逐渐地形成了“峇峇娘惹”文化。“峇峇娘惹”文化基本上是汉人文化。学者将“峇峇华人”称为华人次群族。例如他们信仰的是华人的礼教，遵守的是华人的风俗，祭拜的是华人的神位(如观音菩萨、关公帝等)和祖先。他们的婚礼也与华人相同，甚至还有按传统的方式举行婚礼的，即新郎穿长袍马褂，新娘穿裙褂、戴凤冠等。在曾氏的祖屋博物馆门前，就立着两尊穿传统服饰的新郎、新娘的塑像。当然，这些“峇峇娘惹”们也有许多与华人不同的地方，如讲的是“峇峇马来话”，这是一种与马来亚准语及马来方言有差异并夹杂有许多闽南话词汇的语言。“娘惹”们穿“娘惹装”——“格巴雅”或纱笼，这是马来人和印尼人的服装样式；饮食方面也是“峇峇式”，即用“峇峇娘惹烹饪法”——一种将马来人与华人汇合起来的烹调法。而且他们也像马来人一样用手或者用勺与叉吃饭，而不用筷子，等等。 想要说明的一点是，我专门去吃过娘惹晶露，有点甜腻，娘惹面，因为豆芽的原因，基本我没吃下去，从而落荒而逃，因此也没有再去品尝有名的海南鸡饭。([]
你的洞洞好小不过应该很好吃软件
郭子扬当初选择这条线路与洛克有着必然的联系，“香格里拉”这个名字似乎与天堂相邻，在洛克的笔下把这块神秘土地视作“上帝浏览的花园”，带着美好的憧憬我们上路了，去寻觅洛克留下的足迹！去寻找天国的秘境！ 2011年9月月25日从北京出发，10月6日，从稻城包车返回成都，12天行程，完成了这次尼汝~稻城的梦幻之旅。之所以称为是一次梦幻之旅，是因为一群给力的人、一路给力的风景，尽管这期间有高海拨徒步的艰辛，但更多的是这群人、这路景带给我的快乐和安逸。 十一的长途徒步线路一直在我们的计划中，先是新疆的夏特，但是出于特殊时期安全问的考虑，我们把这个计划放到了2012年（新疆--乌孙穿夏特）。出于对秋色的情有独钟，出于对天堂的斑斓色彩的向往，我们把目光瞄向了川西，瞄向了素有人间天堂美誉的稻城、亚丁和被称为“香格里拉最后的秘境”尼汝的这条穿越线路。穿越线路：尼汝-南宝牧场-新寨河-亚拉牧场-尼宝-东义-卡斯村-卡斯牛棚-洛绒牛场-亚丁队员组成：老 尹：超级版主，活动召集人；北纬49度：AA版版主，线路规划，专职摄影；卷 烟：美食版版主，后勤总协调，御用厨师；汗 斯：原甘肃版版主，香格里拉自由驿掌柜；格拉丹东：原学生版版主，《山野》杂志编辑；草原E 狼：北京，后勤总管；Me 丽：北京，财务官；小 文：北京；坐看云起1：江苏；小 美：福建。徒步时间：2011年9月25日—10月6日，共用时12天。活动的计划书：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-890997-1-1.html索引：北京—昆明—香格里拉—尼汝 ：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1009348-1-1.htmlD1：尼汝—南宝牧场—新寨河：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1009348-24-1.htmlD2：徒步第二日，新寨河——亚拉牧场https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1009348-48-1.htmlD3；10月2日，亚拉牧场——尼公村——东义 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1009348-50-1.htmlD4：东义区——卡斯村 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1009348-51-1.htmlD5 ：卡斯特（2800M）——卡斯特地狱谷——卡斯特牛棚——4450营地https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1009348-61-1.htmlD6 ：10月5日4450米营地——亚丁景区——稻城县https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1009348-63-1.html 这次穿越活动得到了下面厂家的大力支持！！！The North Face左起：草原E狼、坐看云起1、老尹、卷烟、北纬49度。 上海极限之家提供OSPREY背包 、Icebreaker袜子 鲁宾逊提供的碳纤维登山杖 巴塔 patagonia提供的冲锋衣天石户外 提供的睡袋 、羽绒服； 十点半户外提供的手表 黑石户外 BLACKCRAG/提供黑岩品牌 10D面料900篷鹅绒超轻睡袋 泰尼卡TECNICA 提供的速干T恤. 头巾镰刀户外赠送我们的 法拉利野马 一、出发9月25日，PM4：00，北京西站将所有的事情都安排妥当，收拾好行囊，我的哥们紫色的云把我和小丽开车送到西站。不久，北纬、卷烟和狼哥先后赶到，一地的背包，引来不少旅客惊诧的目光。大家很平静，相视而笑，没有太多的寒喧，因为这帮兄弟每个周末几乎都在一起穿越、露营，长期的磨合，早已形成一种默契。原本没有通知大家来送站，但是田橙、挥之知道了还是坚持赶来，轻声的叮嘱、真切的祝福，每个人都感到很温暖，有兄弟的感觉——真好！随着人流，顺利地进站、上车，当汽笛长鸣，列车徐徐开动的这一刻，我们的尼汝~亚丁寻梦之旅正式开始。北京西~昆明，载着美好的想往，我们向着目出发 列车一路向南快速行驶。车厢里的人们早已没有了上车前的矜持，为了打发从北京到昆明的这38小时，我们特地带上车一箱啤酒，兄弟们在一起喝酒、聊天，说说笑笑，车厢里仅有的一个“外人”是一位贵州女孩，就在热心的卷烟帮女孩把行李放到行李架上、回头对小丽说你有伴儿了的时候，就注定这个女孩很快会和大家融合到一起，也让枯燥的旅程少了很多沉闷。聊天、喝酒、吃饭、睡觉、发呆、微博，一路快乐随行。 花生、啤酒，简单但很惬意的旅途生活旅途中的四只大烟枪！ 9月27日，AM7：00，抵达昆明清晨，经过38小时的漫漫旅途，列车徐徐驶进昆明火车站，这里将是我们的第一站。来接站的是我们北京版的兄弟抹茶，一位很帅的东北小伙，是一位为了追求理想而短暂旅居在昆明的阳光大男孩，开朗、直爽、帅气。抹茶开着奔驰把我们接到了事先早就订好的酒店，虽是旅居，但俨然成了地主，尽着地主之谊，帮着我们打理一切。简单的休息后，江苏无锡的坐看云起和我们会合。对于我们来说，户外就是生活的一部分，摄影、美食（腐败）与户外紧密相连。抹茶仅仅在昆明呆了两个多月，已经对这里的美食了然于心。中午，抹茶请我们在世博园附近的一家很气派的清真饭店吃了一顿地道的“汽锅鸡”，抹茶兄弟点菜真是大手笔，搞的我们都不好意思，满满一大桌，让我们大饱口福。抵达昆明火车站，搬运工的活三个苍穹70很给力！酒店门前的狼哥简直就是一位请来的搬运工 “你们这帮坏蛋这不是欺负咱老头吗？”抹茶请的满汉全席传说中的“汽锅鸡” 酒足饭饱后，卷烟、北纬等人到附近超市采购部分物资，刚刚回来，云南版的寂寞孤燕和逍遥黄老邪已经赶到了酒店给我们送来了预订好的车票。户外就是这么神奇，一张无形的网络拉近了驴友之间的心，虽然人在两地，但却因为户外让大家变得更像是亲人，可以信赖。晚上，老邪、孤燕请我们品尝了著名的宣威杀猪菜，其美味自不必多说。感谢老邪和孤燕的盛情款待。南国特有的生态餐厅曲径通幽左一着红色外套者为寂寞孤燕，左四着白色外套者为逍遥黄老邪 地主抹茶请饭喽！！！抹茶在看地图的狼哥边上打酱油，都看明白喽吗？镰刀赠送我们的小驴花鸟市场半日游 这个得瑟是必须滴！ 相聚总是短暂，晚7点，用餐结束后，孤燕用她的越野车在装上了满满的一车人和包之后，把我们送到了昆明西郊客运站，挥手话别。晚8点半，我们登上了前往香格里拉的客车。昆明西郊客运站等待上车，依旧是一堆各种包 9月28日，AM8：00，抵达中甸，香格里拉我们来了大巴在幕色中驶向中旬。车厢里内弥漫着特殊的“气味”，身在其中，北纬和卷烟居然用带香水的纸巾捂住鼻子也能呼呼，其实这就是一个适应的过程，大家在懵懂中渡过了十一个小时的颠簸，早晨抵达中甸县，梦境中的香格里拉。香格里拉自由驿的老板汗斯（原甘肃版版主）和《山野》杂志社的格拉丹东前来接站。格拉丹东和小文提前我们几天从北京出发，此时已在汗斯的驿站休息了几天。到了中甸，所有这次徒步的队员集结完毕，加上此次与我们同行的汗斯、小美，组成了一个十人的完美团队。 自由驿是由在圈里小有名气的汗斯、乔小驴和茶杯里的鱼等三个年轻人合作的一家驿站，座落在香格里拉县独克宗古城池沽廊街9号，交通便利，尽管地处闹市，但是一个康巴旧贵族3代居住的老房子，一座典型藏式风格的房子，温暖的火塘、充满活力的年轻掌柜，能给你想要的一切民族凤与现代服务。自由驿凭借周到的服务、完善的硬件设施赢得了驴友的好评，这里已经成为了驴友在香格里拉周边徒步的一个前进营地，是主要的一个休整、补给站。当夜幕降临，万家灯火，坐在火炉边，品一杯茶，喝一杯酒，与朋友畅谈人生，观月光古城夜色，人生何其快意！！ 自由驿很典型的藏式门脸，古朴的青石板街道划门而过，幽静、恬雅很典型的藏式风格的阁楼，这里是驴友的乐园阳光暖暖的打进窗户，客房内充满着阳光的味道 来到香格里拉，不能不提一下这里的名产——牦牛肉。据介绍，牦牛全身都是宝，肉可食，皮可缝制成衣、靴、袋等，牛头可加工成工艺品，牛尾可制作成扫帚，牛鞭则是一道壮阳药。香格里拉牦牛因其常年生活在海拔3500米以上地区，这些地方生长着许多野生药种如贝母，虫草等，牦牛常食这些药材，其肉鲜美无比，杀后可炒红烧、清炖或凉晒成干巴等，味道独特，在香格里拉吃牦牛肉实在是一种享受。可能你会发现在很多地方都有很多卖牦牛肉的，但是，香格里拉卖的牦牛肉才是比较正宗的！来到香格里拉自然不能放过这样的机会。安顿好房间，简单的休息、吃了早点，已经是日上三竿。卷烟去超市采购物资，其他的人则在客栈里悠闲地聊天、喝茶，时间就被这么惬意的一点点溜走，午饭时间到了，于是大家一路溜达着沿街寻找这里的特色美食。跟着烧烤的香气轻而易举找到一家据说非常正宗的烤肉摊。摊位和内地的肉串摊差别不大，只是这里的红嫩嫩的肉串和鲜灵灵的蔬菜在高原阳光作用下愈显新鲜更让大家垂涎欲滴。点菜、落座、喝酒、吃肉，觥筹交错间，已有人醉倒在这高原的首餐。美哉！快哉！ 眼前的品种众多的肉串和蔬菜反倒让饥肠漉漉的我们无从下手了美食版的版主面对美食太不淡定了，迫不急待地打开一瓶啤酒坐看云起是被什么所陶醉？ 沿着青石砖铺就的小街，感受着淳朴的民风，一切都显得很安逸。天空出奇的通透，白云笼罩在远山，那里有我们一直追寻的梦想。街道上游人不是很多，路旁的小门店开门纳客，由于游人不多，门店的人们坐在门前晒着太阳。尽管现在的香格里拉的商业味道已经很浓，但淳朴的民风和绝美的自然风景，还是让我们感到这里的和谐，以至于想融于其中。 和晒太阳的藏族大娘合影香格里拉的街景这里早已融入了现代的元素 沐浴在阳光下的中甸古城 “卷烟零售”，这个招牌大家都懂的。号外：卷烟急招“经济人” 草原E狼在自由驿的纪念照，狼哥，两扇门你占了一扇，另一扇你要留给谁？ 遛达回驿站，驿站的老板们也相继回来，大家都是多年的朋友，虽然长时间没有见面，但一直的联系不会中断，相聚在香格里拉，全然没有一点点的距离感。聚在院里天南海北的闲聊的人们来了兴致，又开始了第二轮的啤酒战。晚餐，醉酒归来的汉斯执意要请大家去吃腊排骨，这里非常有名的一个店，国内的大牌明星来香格里拉必去的一个地方。在汉斯的指引下，我们享受了一顿丰盛的晚餐。挂在墙上的各种腊肉主角——腊排骨，某人没去看了照片直咽唾沫热气腾腾的野鸡火锅 9月29日，AM940 香格里拉~尼汝上午9：40，我们分乘两辆面包，搭载着十个人、二十个包从香格里拉出发，今天的目是有“世界第一村”美称的尼汝村，那里将是我们此次徒步活动的起点。出发前，全队在自由驿合影留念，我们来过，我们还会再来运送我们人员和物资的两辆面包车两个男人间的不可告人的故事：鸡蛋的故事([]
好大…粗…H
吴怡昌初见霓虹国，在枫叶未红的十月，用13天的时间，完成了我们在日本的第一次旅行，这次旅行也是我们的蜜月之行。虽然没有一种度假休闲的放松感，但是，这样有别于海岛的另一种体验却让我更加的无悔，这就是日本的魅力吧，不管哪个季节去，你都可以遇见她的美。 粉红娇嫩的樱花、古朴典雅的寺庙、遍布岛国的绿色森林、美丽漫长的海岸线。。。。。。关于日本，可以说的远远不止这些。而今年的日本更可谓是处于风口浪尖的度假地，一大波和我一样的群众乃至明星都在国庆期间选择出行日本，亲爱滴祖国请原谅我们，单纯的旅行远没有政治那么复杂～本次的行程跨越关东关西两大地区，走遍3个大城市，又途径城崎、白滨、箱根、富士山4个温泉乡，大部分的日本特色都已经体验过来了，特别是奥特莱斯买买买的节奏，价格十分优惠，所以有一个很好的心得分享给大家。老规矩，依旧赠送游记中的衣服配饰哦~，一部分赠送一部分折旧处理，喜欢就加微信吧，欢迎来自五湖四海的你哦~微信：XW17LOVEING,微博：@丸子玩玩玩 去之前对日本的印象大抵还停留在春季樱花铺满道路的浪漫情景，亦或是北海道的冬天我最向往的雪中露天风吕，回来之后，我更感慨于这个民族的一种自我控制力，他们干净的街道并不是依赖清洁工人的打扫，而是做到不随手乱扔垃圾，街道上几乎看不到垃圾箱，那段时间我们就曾捏着手中的垃圾奔走了整整半天。这点我在台湾上学的时候就体会过，起初我不明白，街上不设垃圾箱岂不是更给了大家随地乱扔的借口嘛，但当你融入到那种环境你才会发现，你根本不可能放任自己去破坏这个干净整洁的大环境。也许日本人的素养并不仅仅体现在这一点，他们对待客人不停鞠躬道谢的真挚态度也是亲眼所见才会相信。回家之后我还一直沉浸在日本的整个民族文化的气氛中，我还特意去百度一下日本这个激进的民族到底如何形成了这种文化，如果能有兴致和缘分看完我这篇游记的话，在结尾处我就来谈谈在日本这13天我对日本的看法。整片游记还是以攻略性为主，所以先上些干货～ 本次摄影器材：佳能6D，镜头17-40+适马35；华为P6手机RAW格式出图，修图LR+PS怕大家觉得攻略枯燥，先预览一下各种吃喝玩乐！([]
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